麻省理工学院教授张锋：应暂停将基因编辑的胚胎植入母体
麻省理工学院教授、博德研究所研究员张锋
翻译 | 孙睿晨
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关于基因编辑婴儿，CRISPR技术前驱、麻省理工学院教授、博德研究所研究员张锋发表声明：
虽然我能理解人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）对全球公共卫生健康所造成的威胁，但是在现阶段对人类胚胎进行CCR5基因敲除的风险远远大于其所带来的收益，尤其因为是这种操作的其中一个风险是可能导致缺失了CCR5基因的携带者更易感染西尼罗病毒。而且，更重要的是，我们已经有了非常有效并常见的阻断母婴之间的HIV病毒传播的手段 （所以敲除CCR基因所带来的真正收益有待商榷）。
目前正在进行的CCR5临床试验的目的是将基因编辑过的胚胎植入母体。鉴于基因编辑技术目前的技术水平，我认为， 在对将基因编辑过的胚胎植入母体的各项安全性有更全面周到的考量之前，应该暂停将这样的胚胎植入母体，
这项临床试验不仅存在很大的风险，而且缺乏必要的信息公开和程序公开，这让我非常担忧。所有医学的进步，特别是涉及到弱势群体的技术，不管是否与基因编辑相关，都需要经过谨慎而全面周全的检验和经过包含了患者、医者、学者，以及社会中的其他成员参与的公开讨论，并且最后以公平合理的方式实施。
2015年，国际科研界曾发表声明：在没有达成广泛的社会共识之前，对生殖细胞进行基因编辑是非常不负责任的。（该声明公布于2015年的第一届国际人类基因编辑峰会）
我真诚的希望这次峰会（将于2018年11月27-29日举办的第二届国际人类基因编辑峰会）能够提供一个对该事件（基因编辑婴儿）及其影响进行深入探讨的论坛，并对基因编辑技术如何才能最好的造福国际社会提供指导性意见。
张锋原文声明
Although I appreciate the global threat posed by HIV, at this stage, the risks of editing embryos to knock out CCR5 seem to outweigh the potential benefits, not to mention that knocking out of CCR5 will likely render a person much more susceptible for West Nile Virus.
Just as important, there are already common and highly-effective methods to prevent transmission of HIV from a parent to an unborn child.
Given the current state of the technology, I'm in favor of a moratorium on implantation of edited embryos. which seems to be the intention of the CCR5 trials, until we have come up with a thoughtful set of safety requirements first.
Not only do I see this as risky, but I am also deeply concernd about the lack of transparency surrounding this trial. All medical advances, gene editing or otherwise and particularly those that impact vulnerable populations, sould be cautiously and thoughfully tested, discussed openly with patients, physicians, scientists, and other community members, and implemented in an equitable way.
In 2015, the international research community said it would be irrespoinsible to proceed with any germline editing without "broad societal consensus about the appropriateness of the
proposed application." (This was the consensus statement from the 2015 international summit on human gene editing.)
It is my hope that the upcoming summit will serve as a forum for deeper conversations about the implications of this news and provide guidance on how we as a global society can best benefit from gene editing.
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