或许有读者会问,超大质量黑洞具有强大的引力,在距离黑洞如此近的恒星轨道上,仅使用牛顿力学计算出的黑洞质量是否准确,是否需要引入爱因斯坦的广义相对论呢?事实上,S0-2的轨迹确实为验证广义相对论提供了一次很好的机会。但是如果我们只关注黑洞质量的测量,即使对于S0-2,在完全不考虑相对论效应的情况下、根据牛顿力学计算黑洞质量仅会导致约10%左右的误差,而对于更远处的恒星,广义相对论效应更加可以忽略不计了。 图3:银河系中心黑洞周围恒星的运动轨迹,蓝色和紫红色的点标记的是离黑洞最近的两颗恒星S0-2 和S0-38。图片来源:S. Sakai/A.Ghez/Keck Observatory/UCLA Galactic Center Group
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